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1.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 19(1): e200103, 2021. tab, mapas, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1154963

ABSTRACT

Parodontidae is a relatively small group of Neotropical characiform fishes consisting of three genera (Apareiodon, Parodon, and Saccodon) with 32 valid species. A vast cytogenetic literature is available on Apareiodon and Parodon, but to date, there is no cytogenetic data about Saccodon, a genus that contains only three species with a trans-Andean distribution. In the present study the karyotype of S. wagneri was described, based on both conventional (Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR, C-bands) and molecular (repetitive DNA mapping by fluorescent in situ hybridization) methods. A diploid chromosome number of 2n = 54 was observed in both sexes, and the presence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes of the ZZ/ZW type was detected. The W chromosome has a terminal heterochromatin band that occupies approximately half of the long arm, being this band approximately half the size of the Z chromosome. The FISH assay showed a synteny of the 18S-rDNA and 5S-rDNA genes in the chromosome pair 14, and the absence of interstitial telomeric sites. Our data reinforce the hypothesis of a conservative karyotype structure in Parodontidae and suggest an ancient origin of the sex chromosomes in the fishes of this family.(AU)


Parodontidae é um grupo relativamente pequeno de peixes caraciformes neotropicais que consiste em três gêneros (Apareiodon, Parodon e Saccodon) com 32 espécies válidas. Uma vasta literatura citogenética está disponível sobre Apareiodon e Parodon, mas até o momento não há dados citogenéticos sobre Saccodon, um gênero que contém apenas três espécies com distribuição transandina. No presente estudo foi descrito o cariótipo de S. wagneri, baseado em métodos convencionais (coloração de Giemsa, Ag-NOR, bandas C) e moleculares (mapeamento de DNA repetitivo por hibridização fluorescente in situ). Um número cromossômico diplóide de 2n = 54 foi observado, e a presença de cromossomos sexuais heteromórficos do tipo ZZ/ZW foi revelada. O cromossomo W possui uma banda terminal heterocromática que ocupa aproximadamente metade do braço longo, sendo esta banda aproximadamente a metade do tamanho do cromossomo Z. O ensaio FISH mostrou uma sintenia dos genes 18S-rDNA e 5S-rDNA no par de cromossomos 14, e a ausência de sítios teloméricos intersticiais. Nossos dados reforçam a hipótese de uma estrutura cariotípica conservadora em Parodontidae e sugerem uma origem ancestral dos cromossomos sexuais nos peixes desta família.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Sex Chromosomes , Heterochromatin , Cytogenetics , Characiformes/genetics , Gender Identity
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 54(1): 209-217, mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-484709

ABSTRACT

Hemibrycon pautensis (Characiformes, Characidae), a new fish species from Paute River, eastern Ecuador is described. Diagnostic characteristics: eight to nine branched rays in the dorsal fin (vs.six to seven), and 27 –28 in the anal fin (vs.16 –26, except in H. dariensis which presents 22 –27, in H. metae 26 –31 and H. jabonero 23 –28); a no occurrence of dorsal pharyngeal plate (vs. occurrence); a cartilaginous and divided-in-two basihial (vs. an osseous base and a cartilaginous upper part). Hemibrycon pautensis resembles H. metae by its oblique external edge of the pelvic fins. They can be distinguished by the position of the pectoral fins in relation to the snout (38.24-41.6% in H. pautensis vs. 21. 21-25.87) and by the position of the pectoral fins in relation to the origin of the dorsal fin (20.95-24.30 in Hemibrycon pautensis vs. 35. 89-42.63), and by the number of proximate radials in the pectoral girdle (five in Hemibrycon pautensis vs. three to four). In addition, the geographic distribution of H. metae is restricted to the upper part of the Meta River in Colombia and can be distinguished of H. boquiae by: the number of scales between the lateral-line and the origin of the dorsal fin (eight in H. pautensis vs. 5-7); the distance between the snout and the pelvic fins (38.00-42.90% in H. pautensis vs. 42.9-46.19%); the pelvic fins length (13.77-17.96% in H. pautensis vs. 10.72-13.21%); and the snout length (21.34-27.88 in H.pautensis vs.26.92-33.66%).


Se describe Hemibrycon pautensis (Characiformes: Characidae), una especie nueva de pez del río Paute al oriente de Ecuador. El nuevo taxón se distingue de las demás especies por las siguientes caracteristicas: ocho a nueve radios ramificados enaleta dorsal (vs. seis a siete), y 27 –28 en la aleta anal (vs.16 –26, excepto en H. dariensis la cual presenta 22 –27, en H. metae 26 –31 y H. jabonero 23 –28); no presenta placa faringea dorsal (vs. presenta); basihial dividido en dos y cartilaginoso (vs. óseo y cartilaginoso en la parte superior). Hemibrycon pautensis es parecida a H. metae es parecida a H. metae por el borde externo de las aletas pélvicas oblicuo. Se distinguen por la posición de las aletas pectorales con relación al extremo del hocico (38.24- 41.6 en H. pautensis vs. 21.21-25.87) y por la posición de las aletas pectorales con relación al origen de la aleta dorsal (20.95-24.30 en Hemibrycon pautensis vs. 35.89-42.63), y por el número de radiales proximales en la cintura pectoral (cinco en Hemibrycon pautensis vs. tres a cuatro). Además, la distribución geográfica de H. metae está restringida a la cuenca alta del río Meta en Colombia. Se distingue de H. boquiae por el número de escamas entre la línea lateral y el origen de la aleta dorsal (ocho en H. pautensis vs. 5-7), por la distancia entre el hocico y el origen de las aletas pélvicas (38.00-42.90% en H. pautensis vs.42.9-46.19%), por la longitud de las aletas pélvicas (13.77-17.96% en H. pautensis vs. 10.72-13.21%), y por la longitud del hocico (21.34-27.88 en H. pautensis vs. 26.92-33.66%).


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Fishes/classification , Ecuador , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Rivers
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 53(3/4): 537-544, sept.-dic. 2005. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-451281

ABSTRACT

The new species Grundulus quitoensis is described from El Voladero Lake, El Angel Biological Reserve, Northern Ecuador. The new taxon can be distinguished from all congeners by the following characters, respectively: a low number of unbranched rays in the anal fin (three vs. four-five) and in pectoral fins (on vs. two - three), a higher number of dentary teeth (12-14 vs. 8-10), a second infraorbital about three times larger than the first (vs. about two times larger), a third infraorbital which is not in contact with the preopercle (vs. in contact with preopercle), the presence of four small fenestrae in the infero-lateral bone dentary (vs. one - two); and a premaxilla which presents a long lateral process (vs. short), a maxilla with two notches in the infero-lateral surface (vs. one notch in the infero-lateral surface)


Se describe Grundulus quitoensis nueva especie (Characiformes, Characidae) proveniente de las Lagunas El Voladero reserva biológica El Angel al norte de Ecuador. El nuevo taxon se distingue de las demás especies por el menor número de radios simples en la aleta anal (tres vs. cuatro a cinco) y en las aletas pectorales (uno vs. dos a tres), por el mayor número de dientes en cada dentario (12- 14 vs. 8-10), perfil ventral posterior a la cintura pectoral hasta el origen de la aleta anal plano (vs. curvo), el segundo infraorbital es tres veces más grande que el primero (vs. dos veces más grande), el tercer infraorbital está separado del preopérculo (vs. en contacto con la superficie del preopérculo), dentario presenta cuatro pequeñas fenestras en el margen infero-lateral (vs. uno a dos), el premaxilar presenta un proceso lateral largo (vs. corto), maxilar con dos muescas en la superficie infero-lateral (vs. maxilar con una muesca en la superficie inferolateral)


Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Fishes/classification , Ecuador
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